In some traditional source location algorithms, the requirement of the initial source solution is high, the dependence is large, the search range has a certain limitation, and the source location optimization is difficult to be carried out in the large area range where the group wave aliasing is serious and the spectral component is complex. In order to solve this problem, a method of underground shallow source location based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is realized by simulation, and the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed algorithm and the traditional algorithm are evaluated. The experimental results show that in the range of -100 m×100 m×-40 m, the location algorithm's positioning accuracy of the shallow single-target source based on QPSO is obviously higher than that of the traditional source location algorithm based on PSO, the positioning accuracy can reach 0.324 m, which is of great practical application value.