The traditional moving target tracking and prediction algorithm is difficult to ensure that the robot can capture and predict the high-speed moving targets in advance. In particular, the collision of moving targets in the course of sliding changes the original motion direction. Aiming at this problem, a moving target tracking prediction algorithm based on frame difference and collision algorithm is proposed. Through the inter frame difference method, the specific position and velocity of the moving object in the plane are identified quickly, and the collision of the moving target is judged according to the direction of motion velocity. When the moving targets collide in the process of motion, the collision simulation model is established by using the LS-DYNA dynamic analysis software, and the collision algorithm is obtained by fitting the simulation data with MATLAB, and the motion trajectory of the moving target is predicted by the collision algorithm. The results show that the moving target detection and tracking algorithm, which combines the inter frame difference and the collision algorithm, is faster for the tracking and prediction of the moving target in the plane, and can fully meet the requirements of the robot's fast algorithm.