Sleep quality, which influences human health, can be greatly enhanced by a pillow with proper height. Substantial studies have revealed that the pillow’s height for persons lying on their sides should be greater than that for them lying on their backs. This paper introduces an adaptive pillow based on deep learning, which can recognize human sleeping positions to adjust the pillow’s height. The paper also presents hardware platform design and the construction and transplantation of neural network models. First, the pressure sensor and the air pressure sensor embedded in the pillow respectively collect the pressure of the head on the pillow and the air pressure in the pillow airbag to generate a time-series data frame. Then, the 1DCNN-GRU network model identifies and classifies the sleeping positions. Finally, the pillow’s height is adjusted according to classifications.