According to the safety situation of coal mine, read-write system applied for miner location was proposed based on RFID technology. This plan used MSP430F5438 of TI Company as core chip; card reader was designed of 915MHz combined with wireless radio frequency transceiver chip CC1100 of Chipcon Company and peripheral components. The hardware principle and software design of the card reader was discussed, and present the principle diagram of system and software design flow chart. IAR Embedded Workbench V3.41 was used as platform to develop system software. Then analyze the principle of system anti-collision and the communication protocol, using F-ALOHA algorithm to reduce the collision, enhance the recognition accuracy and efficiency. What's more F-ALOHA algorithm was compared with ALOHA algorithm by simulation, and the results show that transmission error of F-ALOHA algorithm is much lower. So the scheme designed is feasible, and it is suitable for practical application.