This paper establishes a mining algorithm based on the location and weight transaction item sets.It needs to scan the transaction database once.The algorithm adopts the vertical Boolean matrix to store transaction data, and the logic "and" operation and weight to calculate the support.Then it prunes through the searching location and combining the same columns of transaction matrix.Thereby the storage space and computing time used by the algorithm in the mining process can be reduced.The experimental results show that the improved algorithm performance has been significantly improved.